How to install Hadoop cluster(2 node cluster) and Hbase on Vmware Workstation. It also includes installing Pig and Hive in the appendix
By Tzu-Cheng Chuang 1-28-2011
Requires: Ubuntu10.04, hadoop0.20.2, zookeeper 3.3.2 HBase0.90.0
1. Download Ubuntu 10.04 desktop 32 bit from Ubuntu website.
2. Install Ubuntu 10.04 with username: hadoop, password: password, disk size: 20GB, memory: 2048MB, 1 processor, 2 cores
3. Install build-essential (for GNU C, C++ compiler)
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
4. Install sun-jave-6-jdk
(1) Add the Canonical Partner Repository to your apt repositories
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
(2) Update the source list
$ sudo apt-get update
(3) Install sun-java-6-jdk and make sure Sun’s java is the default jvm
$ sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
(4) Set environment variable by modifying ~/.bashrc file, put the following two lines in the end of the file
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
5. Configure SSH server so that ssh to localhost doesn’t need a passphrase
(1) Install openssh server
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
(2) Generate RSA pair key
$ ssh-keygen –t rsa –P ""
(3) Enable SSH access to local machine
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
6. Disable IPv6 by
modifying /etc/sysctl.conf file, put the following lines in the end of the file
#disable ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
7. Install hadoop
(1) Download hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz(stable release on 1/25/2011) from Apache hadoop website
(2) Extract hadoop archive file to /usr/local/
(3) Make symbolic link
(4) Modify /usr/local/hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh
Change from
# The java implementation to use. Required.
# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun
To
# The java implementation to use. Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
(5)Create /usr/local/hadoop-datastore folder
$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/hadoop-datastore
$ sudo chown hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-datastore
$ sudo chmod 750 /usr/local/hadoop-datastore
(6)Put the following code in /usr/local/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml
<!-- In: conf/core-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dir/hadoop-${user.name}</value>
<description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://master:54310</value>
<description>The name of the default file system. A URI whose
scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation. The
uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming
the FileSystem implementation class. The uri's authority is used to
determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>
</property>
(7) Put the following code in /usr/local/hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml
<!-- In: conf/mapred-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>master:54311</value>
<description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs
at. If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map
and reduce task.
</description>
</property>
(8) Put the following code in /usr/local/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml
<!-- In: conf/hdfs-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>Default block replication.
The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
</description>
</property>
(9) Add hadoop to environment variable by modifying ~/.bashrc
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH
If you install hadoop 2.X, the folder of /usr/local/hadoop/conf/ becomes /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
8. Restart Ubuntu Linux
9. Copy this virtual machine to another folder. At least we have 2 copies of Ubuntu linux
10. Modify /etc/hosts on both Linux Virtual Image machines, add in the following lines in the file. The IP address depends on each machine. We can use (ifconfig) to find out IP address.
# /etc/hosts (for master AND slave)
192.168.0.1 master
192.168.0.2 slave
Modify the following line, because it might cause Hbase to find out wrong ip.
192.168.0.1 ubuntu
11. Check hadoop user access on both machines.
The hadoop user on the master (aka hadoop@master) must be able to connect a) to its own user account on the master –
i.e. ssh master in this context and not necessarily ssh localhost – and b) to the hadoop user account on the slave (aka hadoop@slave)
via a password-less SSH login. On both machines, make sure each one can connect to master, slave without typing passwords.
12. Cluster configuration
(1) Modify /usr/local/hadoop/conf/masters only on master machine
master
(2) Modify /usr/local/hadoop/conf/slaves only on master machine
master
slave
(3) Change “localhost” to “master” in /usr/local/conf/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml and /usr/local/hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml only on master machine
(4) Change dfs.replication to “1” in /usr/local/conf/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml only on master machine
13. Format the namenode only once and only on master machine
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop namenode –format
14. Later on, start the multi-node cluster by typing following code only on master. So far, please don’t start hadoop yet.
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/start-dfs.sh
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/start-mapred.sh
15. Install zookeeper only on master node
(1) download zookeeper-3.3.2.tar.gz from Apache hadoop website
(2) Extract zookeeper-3.3.2.tar.gz
$ tar –xzf zookeeper-3-3.2.tar.gz
(3) Move folder zookeeper-3.3.2 to /home/hadoop/ and create a symbloink link
$ mv zookeeper-3.3.2 /home/hadoop/ ; ln –s /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3.3.2 /home/hadoop/zookeeper
(4) copy conf/zoo_sample.cfg to conf/zoo.cfg
$ cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg confg/zoo.cfg
(5) Modify conf/zoo.cfg
dataDir=/home/hadoop/zookeeper/snapshot
16. Install Hbase on both master and slave nodes, configure it as fully-distributed
(1) Download hbase-0.90.0.tar.gz from Apache hadoop website
(2) Extract hbase-0.90.0.tar.gz
$ tar –xzf hbase-0.90.0.tar.gz
(3) Move folder hbase-0.90.0 to /home/hadoop/ and create a symbloink link
$ mv hbase-0.90.0 /home/hadoop/ ; ln –s /home/hadoop/hbase-0.90.0 /home/hadoop/hbase
(4) Edit /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml, put the following in between <configuration> and </configuration>
<property>
<name>hbase.rootdir</name>
<value>hdfs://master:54310/hbase </value>
<description>
The directory shared by region servers. Should be fully-qualified to include the filesystem to use.
E.g: hdfs://NAMENODE_SERVER:PORT/HBASE_ROOTDIR
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
<value>true</value>
<description>The mode the cluster will be in. Possible values are
false: standalone and pseudo-distributed setups with managed Zookeeper
true: fully-distributed with unmanaged Zookeeper Quorum (see hbase-env.sh)
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>master</value>
<description>Comma separated list of servers in the ZooKeeper Quorum.
If HBASE_MANAGES_ZK is set in hbase-env.sh this is the list of servers
which we will start/stop ZooKeeper on.
</description>
</property>
(5) modify environment variables in /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/
export HBASE_IDENT_STRING=$HOSTNAME
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false
(6)Overwrite /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/regionservers on both machines
master
slave
(7)copy /usr/local/hadoop-0.20.2/haoop-0.20.2-core.jar to /home/hadoop/hbase/lib/ on both machines.
This is very important to fix version difference issue. Pay attention to its ownership and mode(755).
17. Start zookeeper. It seems the zookeeper bundled with Hbase is not set up correctly.
$ /home/hadoop/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start
(Optional)We can test if zookeeper is running correctly by typing
$ /home/hadoop/zookeeper/bin/zkCli.sh –server 127.0.0.1:2181
18. Start hadoop cluster
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/start-dfs.sh
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/start-mapred.sh
19. Start Hbase
$ /home/hadoop/hbase/bin/start-hbase.sh
20. Use Hbase shell
$ /home/hadoop/hbase/bin/hbase shell
Check if hbase is running smoothly
Open your browser, and type in the following.
http://localhost:60010
21. Later on, stop the multi-node cluster by typing following code only on master
(1) Stop Hbase
$ /home/hadoop/hbase/bin/stop-hbase.sh
(2) Stop hadoop file system (HDFS)
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/stop-mapred.sh
$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/stop-dfs.sh
(3) Stop zookeeper
$ /home/hadoop/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh stop
Reference
Appendix- Install Pig and Hive
1. Install Pig 0.8.0 on this cluster
(1) Download pig-0.8.0.tar.gz from Apache pig project website. Then extract the file and move it to /home/hadoop/
$ tar –xzf pig-0.8.0.tar.gz ; mv pig-0.8.0 /home/hadoop/
(2) Make symbolink link under pig-0.8.0/conf/
$ ln -s /usr/local/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml /home/hadoop/pig-0.8.0/conf/core-site.xml
$ ln -s /usr/local/hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml /home/hadoop/pig-0.8.0/conf/mapred-site.xml
$ ln -s /usr/local/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml /home/hadoop/pig-0.8.0/conf/hdfs-site.xml
3) Start pig in map-reduce mode:
$ /home/hadoop/pig-0.8.0/bin/pig
(4) Exit pig from grunt>
quit
2. Install Hive on this cluster
(1) Download hive-0.6.0.tar.gz from Apache hive project website, and then extract the file and move it to /home/hadoop/
$ tar –xzf hive-0.6.0.tar.gz ; mv hive-0.6.0 ~/
(2) Modify java heap size in hive-0.6.0/bin/ext/execHiveCmd.sh Change 4096 to 1024
(3) Create /tmp and /user/hive/warehouse and set them chmod g+w in HDFS before a table can be created in Hive
$ hadoop fs –mkdir /tmp
$ hadoop fs –mkdir /user/hive/warehouse
$ hadoop fs –chmod g+w /tmp
$ hadoop fs –chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse
(4) start Hive
$ /home/hadoop/hive-0.6.0/bin/hive
3. (Optional)Load data by using Hive
Create a file /home/hadoop/customer.txt
1, Kevin
2, David
3, Brian
4, Jane
5, Alice
After hive shell is started, type in
> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer(id INT, name STRING)
> ROW FORMAT delimited fields terminated by ','
> STORED AS TEXTFILE;
>LOAD DATA INPATH '/home/hadoop/customer.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE customer;
>SELECT customer.id, customer.name from customer;